One of the most contentious debates among advocates for Israel and Palestine concerns which political solution offers the best prospects for peace. Arabist, journalist, and former UNIFIL translator in Lebanon Eildert Mulder has lost faith in the viability of a two-state solution. He advocates a single state in which Jews and Palestinians would each hold 50% of the seats in parliament and share senior positions in the army, security services, and other key institutions. Every Jewish and Palestinian citizen would vote for both a Jewish and a Palestinian member of parliament, encouraging support for moderate candidates from both communities.

Dr. Gershon Baskin of the Alliance for Two States considers Mulder's proposal utopian and remains convinced that a two-state solution is achievable, arguing that most Israeli settlers would relocate if adequately compensated. Mulder, in turn, regards continued insistence on two states as unrealistic. One reason is Baskin's view that a future Palestinian state should not have its own army to control armed groups. Mulder argues this would be dangerous, recalling how Palestinian fighters moved to Lebanon after being expelled from Jordan, while the Lebanese army was unable to prevent attacks on Israel, with well-known consequences.