This doctoral dissertation critically examines the integration of immigrants in Maribor, Slovenia, based on a decade of anthropological fieldwork (2015–2025) using participant observation and semi-structured interviews. The study includes diverse groups, such as refugees, labour and economic migrants, and so-called “love migrants.” Emphasizing an emic perspective, the research foregrounds immigrants’ lived experiences and interpretations of integration, providing insights essential for context-sensitive policy development.

The dissertation is divided into two sections: a theoretical framework, which reviews migration, integration, acculturation, assimilation, and segregation, and an empirical analysis presenting original data. Nine ethnographic vignettes illustrate individual migration trajectories and integration experiences. Analysis focuses on six dimensions: socio-cultural, linguistic, economic, psychological, legal-political, and ethnic integration, highlighting persistent challenges in each domain.

Key findings reveal that immigrants face significant linguistic barriers due to the structural complexity of Slovenian, limited access to language courses, and scarce opportunities for practice. Economic integration is hindered by underemployment, low wages, and exploitation, while socio-cultural integration suffers from restricted social networks, limited interaction with Slovenians, and inadequate information access. Housing difficulties and reliance on NGOs for support further compound challenges. Participants consistently report experiences of discrimination and both cultural and biological racism, affecting employment, education, and everyday social interactions.

Despite these obstacles, immigrants express a strong desire to integrate while retaining their cultural identity. They view integration as inclusion rather than assimilation, emphasizing the importance of direct contact with the local population. Psychological impacts of marginalization, including depression and long-term distress, are widespread. The dissertation concludes with policy recommendations aimed at facilitating intercultural contact, improving access to language instruction and social services, and addressing structural barriers to promote meaningful, inclusive integration in Maribor.