Young people participate in non-formal education activities within youth organizations and youth centres. While the primary aim of these activities is not competence development or employability, both emerge as important outcomes. The broader purpose is to support positive youth development and encourage continued engagement in learning and youth work.

This qualitative study explored how competencies are developed through non-formal education in youth organizations. Data were collected through 59 in-depth semi-structured interviews with young participants, trainers, and organizers of educational activities, as well as an evaluative focus group with experts.

The findings show that non-formal education activities vary considerably in content and duration but share common characteristics rooted in youth work methodologies. Learning is participatory, inclusive, and based primarily on experiential learning, complemented by peer learning, mentoring, learning through practice, and reflection. Activities such as icebreakers, team-building exercises, and group work contribute to creating supportive learning environments.

Participants reported feeling safe, accepted, included, and valued. The flexible nature of youth work encourages young people to gradually take on more active roles as facilitators and organizers themselves.

The study found that participants primarily develop key competencies for lifelong learning, particularly active citizenship, literacy, personal development, social skills, and learning competencies. Work-related competencies, especially teamwork, are also strengthened. Additional outcomes include organizational skills, topic-specific knowledge, and competencies related to youth work.

Beyond skills acquisition, non-formal education contributes to young people's personal growth, self-confidence, and social inclusion. It helps them build meaningful relationships and expand their social networks with peers, organizations, employers, and decision-makers. The resulting social capital supports both personal development and career opportunities, including career orientation and access to employment.