This master’s thesis provides a comprehensive analysis of the institute of international protection in the Republic of Slovenia, situating it within the broader framework of the Common European Asylum System (CEAS). It examines the legal and institutional structure governing asylum procedures, with particular emphasis on the two forms of protection: refugee status and subsidiary protection. The analysis is grounded in Slovenian national legislation, which is aligned with relevant international legal instruments, including key conventions in the field of refugee protection, as well as European Union directives and regulations that establish common standards across Member States. In doing so, the thesis highlights the multi-level governance structure that shapes asylum policy and practice in Slovenia and the EU. A significant part of the study is dedicated to the practical implementation of international protection procedures, identifying key operational challenges. Special attention is given to the impact of irregular migration, which places considerable strain on asylum systems and affects their efficiency and responsiveness, while also raising important questions regarding solidarity and responsibility-sharing among EU Member States. The thesis further explores persistent disparities between national asylum systems within the EU, which contribute to uneven treatment of applicants and create obstacles to the effective and coherent management of migration flows. As a result, the study emphasizes the need for greater harmonisation of rules, procedures, and practices across Member States. In conclusion, the research argues that the establishment of a more unified and equitable Common European Asylum System would improve coordination and efficiency in processing applications for international protection, while also strengthening the consistent protection of fundamental human rights and reinforcing the principle of solidarity within the European Union.