This OECD publication examines the demographic challenges facing the Azores, an outermost region of Portugal, and analyses their social, economic, and territorial implications. The report focuses on population decline, ageing, youth outmigration, and changing migration patterns, assessing how these trends affect labour markets, public services, social cohesion, and regional development. Drawing on comparative regional data, policy analysis, and stakeholder consultations, the study situates the Azores within broader European and international demographic dynamics.

The report highlights how migration, both internal and international, plays a central role in shaping demographic sustainability in island and peripheral regions. It explores opportunities for attracting and retaining young people and newcomers, strengthening social inclusion, and improving quality of life through targeted public policies. Particular attention is given to education, skills development, housing, and access to services as key factors influencing settlement decisions.

Beyond diagnosis, the publication proposes policy recommendations aimed at supporting inclusive and resilient development. These include enhancing integration strategies for migrants, fostering youth participation in local development, and promoting place-based approaches that value cultural identity and community engagement. The report emphasises the importance of multi-level governance and collaboration between local authorities, civil society, and national institutions.

Within the Euro-Mediterranean context, Preparing for Demographic Change in the Azores offers valuable insights into how demographic transformation intersects with migration, territorial inequality, and social inclusion. It contributes to intercultural dialogue by framing demographic change not only as a challenge, but also as an opportunity to build more open, diverse, and sustainable communities. The publication serves as a reference for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners working on migration, regional development, and social cohesion in Portugal and comparable regions.

Keywords: demographic change, migration, regional development, social inclusion, Azores